"And There's the Humor of It": Shakespeare and the Four Humors"This collaborative project between the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and Folger Shakespeare Library blends the history of medicine with the insightful literature of Shakespeare. The project integrates the historically popular but now discredited medical theory that bodily fluids--blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm--were the basis for personality traits and behavior and were reflected in literature. Using this Hippocratic theory, Shakespeare's characters are analyzed through a humorist lens..." -- J. P. Kilham, University of Connecticut Health Center
"...The physical exhibit was on view at the NLM from January to August 2012. The electronic exhibit consists of images (paintings, imprints, and so on) of primary sources from the NLM and Folger collections. An explanation of the humors is provided and is used to analyze protagonists in Taming of the Shrew (Kate and Petruchio), Hamlet (Ophelia), and Merchant of Venice (Shylock). This unique exhibit also provides detailed lesson plans and educational materials that support middle school, high school, and higher education. Learning modules introduce primary and secondary sources, historical medical theory, and character analysis. An identifiable shortcoming of the electronic exhibit is that the digital environment results in loss of detail in the magnificent books and pictures. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers and professionals."